The Greatest Military Leader Of All Time - Free Essay Example

Alexander the Great is known as one of the greatest military leaders of all time. He conquered numerous territories some of which were the neighboring states of Greece, the Persian empire, and the Egyptians. He was an enthusiast of Homeric models and in several ways developed his style of kingship by looking to those models. Many people who also admired Homers poetry did not like Alexander as they believed he misunderstood Homer and the idea of Homeric kingship. Nevertheless, Alexander conveyed that he understood the lessons in Homers poems well through his unwavering decisions and sensible actions during his reign. An important lesson taught by The Odyssey was that evil-doers will inevitably face the consequences for their choices. For example, the Cyclops Polyphemus devoured two of Odysseus men and trapped the others in his cave. Odysseus hatched a brilliant plan to intoxicate the cyclops with wine, then stab its eye using a sharpened olive tree while it was passed out. His plan succeeded; the blind Cyclops removed the boulder blocking the exit of the cave to call for help which allowed Odysseus and his men to escape. The Cyclops faced the repercussions for not respecting the ancient Greek tradition of providing hospitality to guests who were far from home. Alexander did some gruesome things during his reign. However, he seldom inflicted damage upon anyone without a logical reason and if he did, he would genuinely regret it. For instance, when Alexander came into contact with the sacred sanctuary of Nysa, the Indians explained it was constructed from their own interpretation of Greek religion. The sanctuary, which was the only place where ivy grew in India, was a dedication to the god Dionysus, who the Indians believed was their founder. After learning this, Alexander did not destroy the sanctuary. Instead, he garrisoned his troops in the territory, celebrated the sanctuary with festivities, and formed a close friendship with the Indians. He believes in the importance of having the gods on his side to ensure victory in his conquests. Destroying the sanctuary of Nysa would be an evil act which would undoubtedly upset the gods. In short, Alexander preferred to avoid divine punishment. Moreover, his celebration of the sanctuary of Nysa with the Indians exemplifies his respect for the representation of Greek religion in foreign cultures. The formation of friendships with the Indians demonstrates Alexanders understanding of his limits. To elaborate, since Alexander already has countless enemies, he recognized that it was unnecessary to make even more when there was no apparent reason. This indicates that Alexander clearly understood the Homeric lesson of how evil-doers are unable to escape their consequences. In Homers Iliad, Agamemnon was portrayed as the cruel and selfish king of Mycenae who kept most the riches from war to himself despite not having shed a drop of blood. Homer utilized Agamemnon to illustrate the lesson that a king who obsessed over wealth and power but has no respect for his soldiers, is incompetent for such authority. As the Indians took refuge from the Macedonians in the citadel, Alexander commanded his troops to continue their pursuit. Witnessing the sluggishness of the Macedonians bringing up the ladder, Alexander impatiently grabbed the ladder from a soldier and climbed up himself. Concerned about their kings safety, multiple foot guards tried to climb the ladder at once which caused it to break, leaving no other way to get to Alexander. Considering his unfavorable positioning which exposed him to all surrounding towers, Alexander decided to jump into the citadel and he ultimately killed them all. Eventually, as more Indians came, his chest was pierced by an arro w which led him to lose consciousness. Fortunately, his soldiers were able to support him (Arrian, Anabasis 6.9.1-6). This represents Alexanders passion to lead his soldiers into battle despite being a king. He did not hesitate to be the first person to climb up the ladder or jump into the citadel. If Alexander was consumed by greed for wealth, he would not endanger his life on the front line of battles. This also highlights the high level of respect Alexander has for his soldiers. As a king, he wants his men to be displaying their utmost endeavor. So by endangering himself, he exposed their maximum efforts to protect their king. Not only does this make his soldiers stronger, more confident, and increase their survivability, but it also points out the care Alexander has for them. Instead, his choice was a life of struggle, of wars and of unrelenting ambition (Plutarch, The Age of Alexander 284.5-6). Alexander found the idea of things being handed to him from his father, King Philip II, to be distasteful. He preferred to achieve fame through his own actions. This testifies for Alexanders proficiency to be king. Therefore, he understands that a king must not be greedy and must respect his soldiers similar to how they admire him. Conclusively, Alexander the Great deeply understood the lessons outlined by Homeric poems such as the Iliad and Odyssey. Although numerous individuals who loved Homer and his poems disliked Alexander, as they believed he misinterpreted Homer and the idea of Homeric kingship, his decisions and actions suggest otherwise. Hence, Alexander the Great was a competent king who respected his soldiers, as well as other foreign cultures, and knew he could not escape facing dire consequences if he intentionally committed an evil deed.

Lessons Learned From Litigation Example

Essays on Lessons Learned From Litigation Case Study Lessons Learned From Litigation An audit refers to the topmost financial ment service offered to by accounting firms. Over the years, accounting firms have been entrapped in various litigations citing unprofessionalism and overstepping established auditing standards. Consequently, the public, including investors, has become skeptical about the accounting profession. In the wake of major accounting and audit firm failures including Enron and Andersen case, the urgency of reviewing audit standards have become evident. Consequently, the AICPA swerved into action by amending various sections of the accounting standards as well as code that guide professionalism during audit work. In order to ensure that accounting firms operate within the established standards, the AICPA has also placed more responsibility on auditors and also increased accountability on part of the management for their decisions. With reference to cases in Michael c. Knapp’s Contemporary Auditing: Issues and Case s, second edition, this paper explore various changes made by AICPA in response to litigation facing four different firms. Independent auditor’s overall objectives and responsibilities (AU 200): this section focuses on the goals of the independent auditor, emphasizing on the accountability of the auditor when performing financial statements audit under the guidance of GAAS. Paragraphs .17, .A22 - .A26, demand that auditors approach their work with professional skepticism. An auditor is expected to apply professional skepticism when planning and conducting a financial statements audit in order to establish circumstances likely to yield material misstatements in financial statements. Further, AU-C 200, Paragraphs .18, .A27 - .A31 place responsibility on the auditor to use professional judgment when planning and auditing financial statements. In case 1.9: Gemstar-TV Guide International, Inc., there is manifestation of audit failure in relation to skepticism and professional judgment. The auditors of KPMG heavily relied on the representations by Gemstar management, even after establishing that the man agement representations disagree with their audit revelations. By relying on the management representations, KPMG auditors displayed failure to exercise professional skepticism in discharging their work. KPMG auditors should have used professional skepticism and judgment to know that the management of Gemstar fraudulently reported material amounts relating to licensing and advertising revenue. The auditors of KPMG thus failed to apply relevant knowledge and experience in pursuant to [.A27] in Gemstar’s case. Gemstar litigation demonstrates that accounting firms should bear responsibility so that individual auditors can discharge duties according to expectations and in accordance with generally acceptable standards. Due professional care (AU 230): AU 230.07 demands that auditors utilize professional skepticism when performing audit assignments. Professional skepticism reduces the reliance on management representations and thus increases the likelihood of early discovery of accounting fraud and irregularity in accounting practices. In case 1.8, ZZZZ Best Company Inc., the auditors and audit firms placed excess trust on the company. When ZZZ Best went public, it sought for the services of an independent auditor, George Greenspan. Minkow, the founder established a fake insurance company, with Padgett attaining the highest position in the fictitious insurance firm so that the independent auditor, Greenspan did not discover the fraud. Minkow relieved Greenspan of his duties and retained the services of Ernst Whinney to boost his operations trustworthiness on restoration contracts. Ernst Whinney agreed to provide three basic services to the company including: review of the company’s financial statements for the last three months, offering guidance on preparation of SEC required statements and writing a comfort letter to underwriters and implementation of full audit. However, before the audit firm could implement a full scope audit, it resigned from offering its services to the company. Ernst Whinney resign amidst manifold fraud that was deeply imbedded in the company’s restoration contracts. The House subcommittee scrutinized how the company generated over 80 percent of fictitious revenue. Instead of resigning before launching a full scope audit, Ernst Whinney should have done better. The auditing firm should have performed better audit and alert relevant officials of potential fraud in the company. Ernst Whinney resigned from its role without raising any red flag over the fraudulent practices of ZZZZ Best. Professional care relates to how well an independent auditor executes his or her duties. In the case, Greenspan failed to employ professional skepticism in his tenure as the auditor of the firm to uncover the widespread fraud in the company’s financial statements. Further, Ernst Whinney failed to employ professional care to uncover all the fraudulent dealings of ZZZZ Best. If adequate professional skepticism and professional care were applied during audit processes, the company’s fraudulent engagements would have been uncovered earlier. Consideration of Fraud in a financial statement Audit (AU 240): AU 240 [.42] states that an auditor needs to establish his or her responsibility of reporting potential of occurrence of fraud to parties external to the company. The legal responsibilities of an auditor may supersede his or her duty of confidentiality to the client. As such Sherron was right in delving deeper in Enron’s fraud case. The legal responsibilities of Sherron prevail over the duty of confidentiality to Enron. Consequently, Sherron would not have violated confidentiality agreement by bringing the company’s fraudulent practices to light through informing regulatory authorities. AU-C 240: Fraudulent Financial Reporting enlists incentives or Pressures, opportunities, and attitudes/Rationalizations as some of the most common red flags of fraud in companies. In the case of Enron, it was difficult to explain the company’s cash flow, insider trading on the company’s stock, incentives, evasi veness on questions raised about financial statements, unusual swift growth, overly optimistic company news releases and failure to enforce conduct code of the company. Communicating internal control issues (AU 265): In relation to AU-C 265, an auditor is expected to appropriately communicate to relevant internal control management personnel the identified shortcomings in a company’s internal control that according to the professional judgment of the auditor deserves attention and urgent action. AU-C 265[.A28] requires an auditor to develop good understanding of the company and its operation environment. In Crazy Eddie’s case, the auditors overlooked the internal controls of the company. The entire management team of the company was constituted of one family. This was a red flag of fraud perpetuation in the company. Close family ties would be a reason enough to conceal fraud or material misstatements in the company’s financial statements. The culture of the company was attuned to fraud with the management reporting false taxable income to reduce tax liability of the company. As such, the auditors in Crazy Eddie’s case sho uld have done better by thoroughly investigating the internal controls of the company to identify and make recommendations about potential weakness in the internal control that merits attention. Earlier detection of shortcomings in the company’s internal control would have ensured early discovery and purging of the fraud.

Nursing Theorists Mentorship

Question: Describe about the Article for Nursing Theorists for Mentorship. Answer: Mentorship can be defined as an equal and community oriented learning relationship between two people with common objectives and shared responsibility for the achievement of the relationship. According to Alligood (2014), the mentor is the aide, master, and good example who help in the development of another or less experienced mentee. In numerous occasions, mentoring is an unconstrained relationship that creates between two individuals. Nevertheless, tutoring can likewise be fruitful when the guide and mentee are combined or coordinated deliberately. This is regularly the case in medicinal services offices when a mentee moves into another part. The mentee is combined with an accomplished medical attendant to take in another position and create in the part Vanlaar et al. (2016). As stated by Olson et al. (2014), the supervision of nurses, especially with respect to their mentorship indicates that nurses utilize and appreciate the opportunities provided by such schemes for promotion of practice. Most of the literature review in this case usually includes the supervision of practicing students, but of late, more priority has been provided to the supervision of the qualified nurses. This essay aims to discuss the key qualities of an effective mentor, identifying the behavior of an underachieving second year student, and provides an outline for application of learning styles and theories to the present case study, in order to promote the development of the mentee. It also highlights the importance of the environment of clinical learning (Esposito et al. 2016). Every student achieves success related to their learning outcomes only when they undergo placement. However, certain student cannot perform according to the expectation. As discussed by Vanlaar et al. (2016), evidence reflects the fact that every mentor finds such an aspect to be a challenging part of the role of a mentor. Many studies revealed the fact that mentors find difficulty in recognizing and assessing the performance of those students who displays problems in behavior or their attitude. Thus, more attention needs to be given to such students to assess their weakness and strength (Kim 2016). According to Olson et al. (2014), the underachieving students generally display a wide range of behavioral aspects. First of all these set of students shows an unenthusiastic attitude such as lack of interest, no sign of questions, etc. Secondly, they are normally not reliable due to poor attendance and punctuality. As stated by Vanlaar et al. (2016), such students displays lack of confidence and possess a high level of anxiety. Fourthly, the underachieving students lack theoretical knowledge, skill and also possess unreliable clinical performance. Fifthly, the care provided by such student is incomplete, and the record also reports about their incompetence's. Moreover, these student's lack interpersonal skills, lack of response to the received feedback, poor professional conduct, failure to improve and progress through placement and conflicts with personal issues. Therefore, it is very important to construct a learning module and set up a healthy environment in order to enhance the learning process (Esposito et al. 2016). In this case, the second year student who was underperforming in the last placement when assessed during the second placement was found to possess all the attributes and behaviors of an underachieving student. According to Vanlaar et al. (2016), the student not only lacked interpersonal skills, theoretical and clinical knowledge, she also avoided working with her concerned mentor. Additional to this her modes and techniques of care giving to the patients were not proper and clinical and according to the nursing practice. Even after repeated instructions and warnings provided by the mentor, she continued to make mistakes and her nursing practices were unsafe and lacked the professional boundaries. So as a mentor it is very important to recognize the areas which need to be improved and plan for a learning style that encourages her to achieve success in the medical field (Damber et al. 2012). Mentors are one of the intrinsic parts of any placement shell. The roles of a mentor are to recognize the problems associated with the student, identify the key goal, achieve support from colleagues, develop an action plan and then address the concern relating the underachieving student appropriately within the time frame. The role of a mentor is influenced by several contributing factors such as time constraints, the uncertainty of the outcome, conflict with the pattern of shifts, lack of confidence in order to deal with the certain issues, etc. (Olson et al. 2014). According to Scanlan et al. (2001), the most important professional responsibility of an effective mentor is to prevent students without proper professional skills from becoming a registered practitioner in the field of nursing. Although there might be serious personal and emotional consequences on a students life, failing to prevent them from continuation of the education program might lead to problems in the healthcare sector. In this case, the nursing mentor should first supervise the student and construct a feedback, assess his performance, set an objective, determine the areas that need to be focused and provide her the support and create a clinical environment to motivate her to work effectively. Learning is a process of acquiring dictated subject matter. A mentor should therefore work with his effective communication, professionalism and honesty in regards to enhance his teaching skills (Eddy et al. 2015). A practice placement provides the ability to a student to work effectively and in accordance with the integration of the theory into the nursing practice. So it is very important for a mentor to facilitate and evaluate the students learning achievements and competencies. In order to achieve success in terms of mentorship it is very important to realize the requirements or attributes that a mentor should possess. As stated by Eddy et al. (2015), emotional intelligence can be defined as the ability to identify ones own feelings and others as well in order to motivate and manage the emotions of oneself and others. Emotional intelligence is a cognitive aspect that can measure by intelligence quotient. Emotional competencies are the outcome of emotional intelligence. These are capabilities that one must learn and develop. As a mentor emotional intelligence can act as a framework for understanding ways that ones behaviour can contribute to positive work environment (Papaioannou et al. 2016 ). The profession of nursing requires a high level of emotional work. According to Papaioannou et al. (2016), a nursing mentor only becomes successful when he or she can regulate his or her own emotions and express those emotions for the need of the patient through their teaching and knowledge distribution quality. Sometimes the role of a mentor becomes difficult in constructing a compassionate and positive work environment in order to aid the student nurses to cope up with the emotional situations and at the same time manage their own emotional transition. The emotional intelligence framework is divided into two distinct division i.e. self-awareness, social awareness and self-management. Self-awareness is the attribute that help an individual to understand and manage situational variations of his or her own internal emotions. Self-management helps in building the strength in oneself and social awareness is created on the grounds of skills of compassion. Thus a mentor should possess the se two qualities (O'Brien et al. 2014). Mentoring is a vital element of the educational training which helps an individual develops into a professional. It relates to self-development, self-awareness, career development of a mentee. Literature review reveals that nurses who are in the progress of becoming a mentor or student supervisor should have sound knowledge about their clinical setting and also should follow certain principles. While acting as a mentor, he or she not only provide constructive feedback to the students to improve their clinical skills, also shares her own knowledge, experience, and feedbacks to solve their problems (Daniel et al. 2015). A mentor should be able to hold up students poignant into precise part of practice or a height of practice further than first registration, recognizing their individual requires in touching to an altered level of practice. Waters (2009) discover the qualities which patients rate in professional nurses and establish these qualities to be as attentiveness, professionalism, caring, organized, kindness, sympathy, cheerfulness, advocacy, efficiency, thoughtfulness, selflessness, and politeness. Such qualities would thus include a precondition for shaping nurse-patient relationship achieved through clinical learning styles (Ashktorab et al. 2015). In general, there are several learning styles that can be used in the clinical practice. The most frequently used learning style implemented in nursing is visual, aural, verbal and physical or kinesthetic method. Practical learning is more effective way of learning in the clinical practice. Learning styles are important in the field of teaching since it promotes better integration of theoretical knowledge into practice. During assessment learning style aids in identifying whether the teaching mode is effectively transferring the rules and professional values in the student or not. A positive learning atmosphere always improves the quality of the nursing care. One of the learning styles involves the theory which probably is learnt through structured interaction (Jonassen and Land 2012). One of the theories based on learning is andragogy theory which is also known as the adult learning theory, was developed by Malcolm Shepherd Knowles, which is reviewed with respect to its assumptions, principles and practices (Merriam and Bierema 2013). Andragogy is a method which promotes self-directed learning. There are six primary assumptions of Andragogy: An autonomous self-concept and self-direction this refers to the psychological need of a student or an individual to be treated as responsible or capable enough to handle their own tasks. This would provide a positive gesture to the student (Knowles, Holton and Swanson 2014). A higher level of experience No change in the basics, an attempt to impose on the background knowledge could lead to resistance or withdrawal from the procedure pf learning. Identification of the reasons to learn something To provide sufficient reason or information on why learning a particular topic could be useful. It is often not convincing for an adult to know that learning is good for them. A learning motivation for personal need In the case of an adult, the basic need of learning comes from the inadequacy of performance in a particular field. Identifying that particular reason in the student could help in convincing the need of learning a particular topic. Pragmatic orientation Individuals tend to learn things, which are useful in their daily life, or they would be able to utilize the information to a practical extent. This would help enhance the practical knowledge of the student. Internally driven motivation participation of an adult in a learning process is mainly driven by their personal requirements than superimposed by an external reason. Identifying the internal reason of the student would help in acknowledging the problems in a better way. Motivating the student would also help in enabling the student to focus on the topic (Merriam 2015). The second theory is Cognition theory that alludes to mental action including considering, recollecting, learning and utilizing dialect (Kendall and Hollon 2013). When we apply a subjective way to deal with learning and educating, we concentrate on the understanding of data and ideas. On the off chance that we can comprehend the connections between ideas, separate data and modify with logical connections, then our retention of material and comprehension will increase (Stevens 2013). Since Cognitive, learning depends on ones feeling and behaviour and thus relates to all forms of knowing, including thinking, memory, comprehension, motivation, perception and psycholinguistics. It is a more practical form of approach, and requires an imaginative perception of the student (Estes 2014) The third theory of learning is Behaviorism which is a learning hypothesis that lone spotlights on dispassionately detectable practices and rebates any autonomous exercises of the psyche. Behaviour scholars characterize learning as just the securing of new conduct in view of natural condition, connections, then our retention of material and comprehension will increase (Seimens 2014). This hypothesis is moderately easy to comprehend in light of the fact that it depends just on detectable conduct and depicts a few general laws of conduct. Its positive and negative support strategies can be extremely effective, for example, in medicines for human issue including autism a type of mental imbalance, tension issue and reserved conduct. Behaviorism is regularly utilized by instructors who punish or reward such students (Jonassen and Land 2012). Learning satisfaction is a term that can be represented as an individuals emotional affordance of the measure at which the nursing students learning experiences match his or her expectations on a course. According to Knowles et al. (2014), andragogy theory teachers direct the apprentices to their own understanding rather than providing them with details. This approach differs with pedagogy where students depend on the instructor to instruct the learning. On the basis of the pedagogical approach, a mentor will be able to act as a facilitator in order to deliver instructions and assist the mentees in pursuing self-directed learning. According to the cognitive theory, an individuals acquisition can be achieved y observing others through social interactions and experiences. If a mentor examines his or her belief on a students behavior or reason of failure then, through interaction behaviors can be changed. Teachers role becomes easy with understanding of the students behavior and action. Thus, innovative approaches should be used to recognize the strength and weakness of the student. One of such effective approach is the SMART goal approach (Siemens 2014). As discussed by Estes (2014), the SMART goal approach during the first interview will involve firstly a specific goal which will help to understand the students complications and also identify the areas where he or she needs obtain skills and knowledge. Secondly, the measure would involve communication with the student, assessing him or her and giving back feedbacks and also helping the student to realize the importance of the learning through clinical practices. Thirdly, he objective of the interview is achievable by designing a questionnaire which would be able to identify the strength and weakness of the student. The interview would be conducted to understand the initial requirement of the clinical teaching during the students placement. Thus, communication through interview is relevant. The time limit of this interview would be two hours and the duration is enough to understand the initial requirements in terms of teaching further. Clinical environment highly effects student learning experience. This is evident from certain literature reviews. According to Ashktorab et al. (2015), belongingness includes feelings of safety, feeling linked to the clinical nurse team and that their personal and professional values are in coordinated with the bigger clinical group. In one of the literature review, it was discussed that students who feel anxiety during the placements may experience less learning opportunities which might cause student attrition in future. Since a clinical environment leaves a mark on the learning experience of the student the beginning of the learning session should be effective. The role of induction in clinical settings is important since it is mode of welcoming the new staffs and also makes them feel that they are part of the team. In addition to this an induction also imparts necessary safety and peril management information, gives interior obligatory training and provides nurses the realistic data they will require to start their fresh jobs. In the context the setting mentioned have several clinical aspects that would motivate and encourage the student learning. Firstly, there are numerous mentors that might be available to seek help. Highly improvised technical equipment is available to help the students to cope up with every situation. Audio and visual tools are available for clinical teaching. Moreover, the student has the access to the library in order to gather theoretical knowledge and it also promotes evid ence-based practice (Estes 2014). In order to understand the pros and cons of the clinical setup, it is important to use the SWOT analysis practice. One literature review aimed at identity shared aspects of the job from which further work could emerge to support the three aims of the association and, especially, to further nursing leadership across Europe. This study was done through SWOT analysis. The SWOT analysis in accordance with the above clinical context states that the clinical setting has records of commitment and sharing with the opportunity to access patient for clinical practice for the students. But restriction towards certain things can be ethical and patient confidentiality disclosure can be a big threat. The Strengths of the clinical setting is that the environment possesses a strong ethos of sharing, commitment and openness to increase student confidence. The Weakness of the setting is that ant restrictions in accordance to student performance can lead to ethical and personal issues. The Opportunitie s of the whole learning set up involves the openness to use patients to improve practical skills. The Threats include the fact that confidentiality can be a big risk. (Estes 2014). The SWOT analysis reflects the various strengths and weaknesses of the setup that can be utilized to design the action plan. The action plan must involve identification of the weakness of the student and areas that need to be improved. Recording of the data through observation, feedback, preparation of mock documents. Data should be set the weekly basis to review the progress of the student. Examination results should also be collected and entered in the data entry documents. Feedback is an important part of the learning. In the clinical approach, it is very important to receive feedback from both the end. A mentor feedback reveals or gives the opportunity to the student to realize the areas that need to be rectified and accordingly improvement can be made. In terms of student, feedback gives the teacher to understand the areas where a teacher still needs to work on in order to make the student a clinical professional (Merriam 2015). Another significant part of the learning process is assessment. Assessment is a mode of evaluating the level of understanding of a student. In terms of the clinical practice, assessment has high significance. Healthcare deals with patient care. Therefore, any minor mistake can give rise to a lot of health complications. Thus assessing a student timely on a short term basis (formative) and also long term basis (summative) is important to judge the level of students understanding (Merriam 2015). Thus it can be concluded that the functionality of good mentorship is based on supporting practice-based education and delivering instruction and the conveyance of protected and viable information. It is observed as a critical means for the transference of information into practice and advances a learning society within an association. While various concerns and challenges around the present system for mentorship rose up out of the discoveries, numerous shown that advancement was required inside the current framework as opposed to entire change. In this essay, I have not only highlighted the learning styles and theories but also outlined an action plan, regarding the application of the same. I believe that the promotion of new models of mentorship will help in the development of the methods, which enable sharing of education and practice, promote distribution of the same, and assessment of the new models of mentorship. This can be brought about by adopting the following methods According to Merriam (2015), creating an online resource center, which would provide recent tools and information, would favor the practice-based knowledge. Certain recommendations that can impact on the future practice as a mentor are development of tools in support of local utilization and assessing their impact. Building or development of evidence based data system, which demonstrates the inter-relationship between the mentorships and its outcomes, at both inter and uni-professional levels. Establishment and facilitation of social networks, which involves communities practicing mentorship and promote contacts between mentors. Using nomenclature for designations, which utilize or support practice-based learning. Promoting of the value of mentorship and focusing on the development of the future workforce. Development and sponsoring an award system that highlights the good practice of mentorship. Exploring new methods of mentorship to facilitate better integration of nursing within i nter -professional working (Jonassen and Land 2012). References: Alligood, M. R. (2014).Nursing theorists and their work. Elsevier Health Sciences. Ashktorab, T., Hasanvand, S., Seyedfatemi, N., Zayeri, F., Levett-Jones, T. and Pournia, Y., 2015. Psychometric testing of the Persian version of the Belongingness ScaleClinical Placement Experience.Nurse education today,35(3), pp.439-443. Butterworth, T., Faugier, J. (2013).Clinical supervision and mentorship in nursing. Springer. Damber, U., Samuelsson, S. and Taube, K., 2012. Differences between overachieving and underachieving classes in reading: Teacher, classroom and student characteristics.Journal of Early Childhood Literacy,12(4), pp.339-366. Daniel, S., Switzer-McIntyre, S. and Evans, C., 2015. Clinical practice facilitator: an innovative mentor role for Internationally Educated Physical Therapists in a Bridging Program.Physiotherapy,101, p.e290. Eddy, L.D., Dvorsky, M.R., Molitor, S.J., Bourchtein, E., Smith, Z., Oddo, L.E., Eadeh, H.M. and Langberg, J.M., 2015. Longitudinal Evaluation of the Cognitive-Behavioral Model of ADHD in a Sample of College Students With ADHD.Journal of attention disorders, p.1087054715616184. Esposito, G., Manuel, J., Lavi-Martnez, D.F.S. and Iorga, E.M., 2016. 7 Underachieving student experiences in the INSTALL programs.Working with Underachieving Students in Higher Education: Fostering Inclusion Through Narration and Reflexivity, p.85. Estes, W.K., 2014.Handbook of Learning and Cognitive Processes (Volume 4): Attention and Memory. Psychology Press. Jonassen, D. and Land, S. eds., 2012.Theoretical foundations of learning environments. Routledge. Kendall, P.C. and Hollon, S.D. eds., 2013.Cognitive-behavioral interventions: Theory, research, and procedures(Vol. 21). Academic Press. Kim, N.Y., 2016. An Analysis of English Learning Style of Underachieving Student in High School: Based on Factor, Regression and Cluster Analysis.à ­Ã‹Å"„à «Ã…’â‚ ¬Ãƒ «Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ «Ã‚ ²Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ãƒ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚ °Ãƒ ªÃ‚ µÃ‚ ¬,88(à «Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã‚ ¨Ãƒ ¬Ã‚ Ã‚ ¼Ãƒ ­Ã‹Å" ¸), pp.81-97. Knowles, M.S., Holton III, E.F. and Swanson, R.A., 2014.The adult learner: The definitive classic in adult education and human resource development. Routledge. Merriam, S.B. and Bierema, L.L., 2013.Adult learning: Linking theory and practice. John Wiley Sons. Merriam, S.B., 2015. Adult Learning Theory: A Review and an Update.Culture, Biography Lifelong Learning,1(1), pp.59-71. O'Brien, A., Giles, M., Dempsey, S., Lynne, S., McGregor, M.E., Kable, A., Parmenter, G. and Parker, V., 2014. Evaluating the preceptor role for pre-registration nursing and midwifery student clinical education.Nurse education today,34(1), pp.19-24. Olson, J.M., Herman, C.P. and Zanna, M.P., 2014.Relative deprivation and social comparison: The Ontario symposium(Vol. 4). Psychology Press. Olson, J.M., Herman, C.P. and Zanna, M.P., 2014.Relative deprivation and social comparison: The Ontario symposium(Vol. 4). Psychology Press. Padfield, B., Knowles, R. (2014). Development of learning facilitation roles for unregistered practitioners.Nursing Standard,29(16), 35-40. Papaioannou, S., Mouzaki, A., Sideridis, G.D., Antoniou, F., Padeliadu, S. and Simos, P.G., 2016. Cognitive and academic abilities associated with symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a comparison between subtypes in a Greek non-clinical sample.Educational Psychology,36(1), pp.138-158. Robinson, E., Niemer, L. (2010). A peer mentor tutor program for academic success in nursing.Nursing education perspectives,31(5), 286-289. Scanlan, J.M., Care, W.D. and Gessler, S., 2001. Dealing with the unsafe student in clinical practice.Nurse Educator,26(1), pp.23-27. Siemens, G., 2014. Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. Stevens, A.L., 2013. A cognitive theory of inquiry teaching.Instructional design theories and models: An overview of their current status, p.247. Vanlaar, G., Kyriakides, L., Panayiotou, A., Vandecandelaere, M., McMahon, L., De Fraine, B. and Van Damme, J., 2016. Do the teacher and school factors of the dynamic model affect high-and low-achieving student groups to the same extent? a cross-country study.Research Papers in Education,31(2), pp.183-211. Waters, D., Crisp, J., Rychetnik, L. and Barratt, A., 2009. The Australian experience of nurses' preparedness for evidenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ based practice.Journal of Nursing Management,17(4), pp.510-518.

International Graduate School Exhibit Shows

Introduction One of the most popular marketing communications campaigns of promoting a masters degree program to potential students has been through the use of educational exhibits that are done in cooperation with the British Council.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Graduate School Exhibit Shows specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The British Council (not to be confused as a government entity) is an international education marketing service that enables schools within the UK (and other countries as well) to connect with potential students around the world. This is done through education exhibits wherein various schools have booths that showcase what programs potential students can go for, what amenities can they expect from their respective universities and whether one particular type of program is better than another. Thus, from the perspective of students, the British Council marketing campaign can be considered as one of the best methods of learning what particular program would be best for them. However, despite the advantages showcase by this particular method of direct promotion, it must be questioned whether such a marketing initiative is effective at all given that several of the locations that the British council has campaigned in have students that would not be able to afford the high tuition fees associated with learning within a U.K. based school. International Advertising International advertising initiatives such as those done by the British Council in countries such as Indonesia, Ghana and the Philippines all attempt to target new markets within foreign countries due to flat growth in their main consumer markets (i.e. the U.S.) They do this by utilizing print ads and television advertisements in order to create an association between education and success (i.e. if a person learns at a particular university in the UK they will become wealthy) which results in a far greater degree of students applying.Advertising Looking for essay on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this case, this is a form of informative advertising wherein companies seek to create greater awareness for their products/services. The research methodology behind this form of advertising is basically one which involves creating an association between a new product and a given benefit. For example, advertising campaigns tend to associate the use of some beauty creams as a means of getting a more â€Å"youthful† look. Targeting the Correct Market Segment What must be understood is that the ultimate goal of advertising is to be able target products to the consumers who want to buy them. As such, in order to create sales for a company what is needed is to examine the current market and customers and determine why a product or service is not selling and revise strategies accordingly in order to target the correct market segment. Companies in such situations can approach their relationships with consumers through the use of a systematic, rigorous process of segmentation, targeting and positioning which should result in the company being able to determine which consumer segment to approach and how to properly position itself to create sales and maximize profit (Shankar 1999). In the case of many of today’s advertising agencies, this comes in the form of traditional advertising strategies (i.e. print ads, television commercials or sponsorships) or non traditional methods of advertising which take the form of online ads and viral video campaigns which are becoming increasingly popular as a means of reaching millions of people with a relatively small budget. When examining the case of the British Council campaign in promoting UK based educational institutions, it must be questioned whether their strategy of expansion in various Asian markets is a smart one given the limited funding of local populations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Graduate School Exhibit Shows specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, when examining the locations where the British Council has been holding its educational fairs, it can be seen that they have events occurring within Indonesia, the Philippines, Nigeria, Ghana and Mauritius. While it is not the intent of this paper to disparage the potential such locations have for producing high quality students, the fact remains that these locations have income levels that are far below the UK norm. Even though there would be willing students, it is unlikely that they would even be able to afford the tuition even if significant levels of financial assistance were provided. As such, this calls into question the viability of the target market approach that the British Council educational institution promotion strategy is employing. One aspect to take int o consideration when it comes to this type of advertising is the fact that at times certain products become a â€Å"tough sell†. In such cases what is needed is to frame an offer to get rid of the objection so as to entice consumers to purchase the product once more despite the market environment dictating the complete opposite type of buying behavior. This process in effect creates a buying situation where the consumer observes the perks of buying a particular product and neglects to take into account the possible negative implications of the sale. Such a situation would normally be possible in market segments that have the excess liquidity to actually buy a product yet are unable to do so. However, within the context of the British Council campaign, despite the efforts of the organization to promote the product (i.e. education in the UK) the fact remains that relatively few people within some of the countries that the campaign advertises in actually have students that can a fford the product they are offering.Advertising Looking for essay on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One strategy that is often utilized in advertising is the use of discounts when selling particular products such as various services (i.e. advertising).What you have to understand is that people love a bargain and, as such, it is at times necessary to lower prices in order to have some form of income rather than none at all (Grà ¸nhaug, Kvitastein Grà ¸nmo 1991). Such a tactic contributes significantly towards the agency’s advertising strategy since this enables consumers to perceive that they are getting their money’s worth when it comes to purchasing the company’s services. As such, if the British Council were to offer partial scholarships to lower the cost of education for particular educational institutions, then it may be possible to actually create a market situation where there would be actual buyers instead of mere onlookers. Present Day Advertising Strategies using the Internet One of the methods that the British Council has utilized in order to prom ote its various education fairs has been through the use of the internet. The sheer proliferation of social media platforms such as blogs, wikis and online forums has created an unprecedented opportunity for advertising services like the British Council to take advantage of this new social trend in order to promote particular products and services via online social platforms. Nearly 22% of all online activity within the U.S. alone is spent on social networking websites and as such is indicative of the consumer market share that social media platforms could potentially provide to the company should it utilize such an advertising tool. Furthermore it has been proven that using social media programs such as viral advertising initiatives results in a certain degree of â€Å"hype† being generated for a particular product or service yet only cost a fraction of a standard advertising campaign. Thus from a cost-benefit standpoint the utilization of social media platforms as advertisi ng tools is not only advantageous for an advertising agency in terms of brand promotion and gaining a certain degree of market penetration into potentially untapped consumer segments but it can do so at a relatively low cost and as such presents numerous potential avenues of approach by which an agency can generate consumer awareness of its clients products. One way in which the British council has been utilizing social media in advertising its various university fairs was to create a Facebook fan page for the company in order to help better connect itself with its current customer base. What must be understood is that by creating a fan page this allows subscribed Facebook fans to receive updates from the company in the form of fair launch dates, overall service availability, performance and other factors that can contribute to its sale. In fact a fan page creates a â€Å"human† face for the company in that by posting daily news regarding the particular industry the company i s in. This helps consumers to better understand the British council and thus create a greater degree of awareness for the various fairs which translates into a higher likelihood of service patronage. It is also interesting to note that through the fan page the company can also better facilitate particular promotions such as discounts, special contests and other such methods of promotional advertising that are meant to entice greater public interest. Various companies ranging from the alcoholic beverage maker Jack Daniels to the computer manufacturer Asus have Facebook fan pages and this has enabled them to create a larger consumer fan base since instead of the company merely being a nameless entity that consumers buy products or services from, it is subsequently transformed into an entity with particular views, positions on current events and even a sense of humor when it comes to posting its daily wall posts Effective Use of Advertising While advertising is an effective means for a UK based university to communicate with its potential students and deliver its intended message, this does not mean that all types of advertising are suitable for delivering a message for a particular type of company or a specific kind of product (Proctor, Proctor, Papasolomou-Doukakis 2002). Since most students can be considered as being rational consumers they would of course tend to patronize a product that they believe is within their price range, is of exceptional quality and has a higher degree of total utility compared to similar products within the market. This would result in students having a greater likelihood of going for a particular university that they saw through informative advertising since for them it fulfills all the prerequisites needed for effective consumption. However, it should be noted that within the context of college education promotions, persuasive advertising is utilized as a means of changing a consumers mind by presenting a need that did not previo usly exist. For example, when going to these fairs people initially have no idea that they need to take up a masters degree, however, after the various presentations given by schools and by the British Council itself, this creates the desire for a masters degree due to the supposed advantages of having one. This can come in the form of showing potential career advantages that come with a master’s degree, how obtaining one would result in more opportunities in the future and lastly how it would actually be fun to take up advanced education in another country. Conclusion Based on the examination of the British Council campaign that was examined, it can be seen that advertising is a way in which a company generates interest in a particular product line in order to encourage greater sales within specific markets. It also acts as a method to generate a certain degree of â€Å"hype† and product patronage for the products/services that the company is offering (Hirschman Thom pson 1997). In some product markets, certain types of consumer goods and services require â€Å"an extra push† so to speak when trying to conduct normal business operations. In such instances, if customers are not buying, more often than not, it is an indication that a company is targeting the wrong people (Hirschman Thompson 1997). Taking this into consideration, it can be assumed that in cases where a hard to sell product is involved it is not that the company is experiencing a situation where the consumer does not want to be a customer but rather the company is merely targeting the wrong consumer market. It is in such instances that techniques such as informative, reassuring and persuasive advertising are utilized in order to gain the patronage of the market segment that the company is aiming for. Based on the various examples that have been presented, it can be seen that despite various forms of consumable media in the form of print ads, billboards, commercials, online a dvertising campaigns and a plethora of other types of advertising initiatives being present in the world today, not all techniques utilized in their creation are applicable to particular companies, products or services. At times it requires a specific type of advertising initiative whether informative, persuasive or reassuring in order to reach the ultimate goal of advertising which is to be able target products/services to the consumers who want to buy them and retain their patronage for as long as possible. Reference List Grà ¸nhaug, K, Kvitastein, O, Grà ¸nmo, S 1991, ‘Factors moderating advertising effectiveness as reflected in 333 tested advertisements’, Journal Of Advertising Research, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 42-50, Hirschman, E, Thompson, C 1997, ‘Why Media Matter: Toward a Richer Understanding of Consumers’ Relationships with Advertising and Mass Media’, Journal Of Advertising, vol.26, no.1, pp. 43-60 Proctor, S, Proctor, T, Papasolomou-Douk akis, I 2002, ‘A post-modern perspective on advertisements and their analysis’, Journal Of Marketing Communications, vol.8, no. 1, pp. 31-44 Shankar, A 1999, ‘Advertising’s imbroglio’, Journal Of Marketing Communications, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1-15 This essay on International Graduate School Exhibit Shows was written and submitted by user Shane Maxwell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

1 War, 1 Country, 1 Billion Dollars

1 War, 1 Country, 1 Billion Dollars Free Online Research Papers Time and time again, war has ravaged our planet, leaving lasting impressions on the minds of the soldiers who fought those wars. And time and time again, history has been strewn with the tales of soldiers and families who suffered through those wars. But, of course, there are people who want to write a new history, and want to live in a future where war is a thing of the past, a forgotten relic among the tales of heroes and truths of monarchies that we call history. These people, more often than not, are frowned upon because their ideas are outlandish, at best. But then, isn’t it obvious that these people, these freedom fighters, are right in every sense? I guess we’ll leave that question to human nature. Human nature tells us that we have to be on top of the food chain, that we have to risk life and limb to become the one all-powerful being. So of course humans tend to scowl at one another for the way the other thinks, for they themselves think of themselves as preaching the one truth, while every other person’s words are lies that come as easily to their mouths as hunger to our stomachs. But often enough the one who is wrong will deny the truth, destroy the truth, and smear the truth with lies, so that their lie looks more legit. I call these people â€Å"Politicians†, or â€Å"Lawyers†, and the speakers of truth and rightfulness â€Å"Hippies†. There is in this world on time when I can come to an understanding with the â€Å"Hippies†. This time is called war, and more specifically the Vietnam War. This is a war where we gained absolutely nothing in a time of poor judgment, poorer leaders, 1 good leader, and death. But before I go on, I must ask this of you: Why is it that our great country, the home of the free, tends to kill off everything good, or wise, or useful that becomes a part of this country? America’s involvement in Vietnam began in 1950, during the French Indochina War. At the time, France was trying to re-colonize Vietnam after World War II. America, in an attempt to strengthen its ties with France, and also to stop the spread of communism, sent massive economic and military support. America had pumped nearly one billion dollars into Vietnam, helping the French take Vietnam back fro Ho Chi Minh. Ironically, the U.S. had supported Ho Chi Minh during World War II, when he was trying to resist Japanese rule. Now the U.S. viewed him as a communist aggressor, and their enemy. Even with the large amount of U.S. aide, France could not retake Vietnam. The French were forced to surrender in May 1954 when the French outpost Dien Bien Phu, located in southern Vietnam, was raided by the Vietminh. From May through July, major world leaders met with the Vietminh and South Vietnams nationalists to create a peace agreement. The Geneva Accords divided Vietnam along the 17th parallel. Ho Chi Minh, with the communists, controlled the north from their capitol at Hanoi. The anticommunist nationalists controlled the south at Saigon. An election to unify the country was called for in 1956. When the Vietnam War erupted from the middle of Indochina, an era of violence sprang from the midst of the dead, and fueled what we know today as the Counterculture. Hence the Hippies. This Counterculture was based on how unjust the war was, and somehow managed to transcend from war to drugs. I don’t know either. But the hippies were basing all there biased self-reassuring nonsense on the war, and it was this war that brought upon the world drugs. Sort of. And even though the hippies are doing it only because their loved ones are vanishing in the dense jungle of Vietnam, there are many more reasons for such an attack on the War effort. Though no one could have predicted the outcome of such a war, this war would later end in a stale-mate, with both sides losing roughly 1-3 million soldiers each. Many government officials may have said, and in all probability still do say, that even though we lost many good, young men in the war, the Vietnam War was essential to the fight against communism, as it blocked the on-coming wave of communism to south Vietnam. This is a load of bull. We got absolutely nowhere. If we managed to gain some ground in North Vietnam, the Vietcong would take it right back and gain some ground on South Vietnam. Eventually north and south Vietnam settled on a truce at the 17th parallel. Exactly the same spot where we started. And they say it was a good thing. During the whole affair, The U.S. military sent approximately 3.4 million teens to fight in Vietnam. Roughly 6 million Vietnamese fought with NV. 2 million of those Vietnamese were killed, 4 million were wounded. The average age of a soldier in Vietnam was nineteen. American casualties in Vietnam range from 56,500 – 58,500. 365,000 Americans were wounded in Vietnam, 14,000 of them seriously. 2.1 million Veterans were able to return to civilian life without trouble. Many soldiers came home with deep emotional scars; they would have nightmares, or flashbacks that forced upon them a battle they thought was still thriving. Others come back addicted to costly drugs that destroyed their lives. Some of the wounds commonly seen on war veterans were missing limbs due to anti-personnel mines, burned skin from napalm bombs, gunshot wounds or shrapnel wounds. Some seventy-five hundred female nurses spent 24 hour days nursing these wounded men. In Vietnam, approximately 10 million Vietnam citizens, mostly civilians, lost their homes in the war. Five million acres of forest were ruined by roughly eighteen million gallons of chemical poisons, like Agent Orange, Purple, and Pink. If you can say all this was justified because we stopped the spread of communism, you’re on drugs. Minorities during the Vietnam War made up about forty-sixty five percent of the PFC’s (Private First Class) in the U.S. Army. The Air Force and Navy Marines did not accept minorities due to racial discrimination. When Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated, the black soldier population revolted against their superiors. Racial incidents became increasingly more common in the military. When the Counterculture reached Vietnam, African American soldiers started to put their hair in the afro-style hairdo and smoke a lot of pot. On May 9th, 1970 Kent state students gathered in protest of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. The National Guard was drilling in a compound near the campus. The protestors began to throw rocks at the Guard, yelling such things as â€Å"get off our campus†. The protest broke into a full on riot, and the National Guard used tear gas to break it up. When the tear gas seemed to have no effect on the students, the Guard opened fire upon the protestors. Four students died that day, and nine others were wounded. If a war can allow students to be killed for a simple action given to them by the constitution, then why do we even have the constitution? America’s fear of communism fueled the war effort, bringing in young men to enlist in the army so they can say they stopped communism. This fear was brought on by the Communist domino effect: If one government fell to the will of communism, then others will most certainly follow. When North Vietnam became communist, the U.S. sent nearly ten to four hundred million dollars a year to South Vietnam to fight the communists. Military advisers were sent to help the Vietnamese army destroy the Vietcong. But however much we wanted to help South Vietnam, President Eisenhower would not send troops into Vietnam. ‘â€Å"If we were to put one combat soldier into Indo China, then our entire prestige would be at stake, not only in that area but around the world.† He added, â€Å"I don’t see any reason for American ground troops to be committed to Indo China†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. (McCormick, 18) Even with the help of the military advisers, it was obvious that the communists were winning the war. More and more advisers were sent to help SV. By the time Eisenhower left office in 1961, 675 American military advisers were assigned to help the South Vietnamese government in the war. And why did all this happen? Well, most Americans at the time thought that the war was caused by the spreading fear of communism. But on the other hand, the Vietnamese thought it was Ngo Dinh Diem’s harsh and corrupt government. But whatever the reason, what has been done cannot be undone, and that’s a fact. McCormick, Anita Louise. The Vietnam Antiwar Movement in American History. Enslow Publishers. January 2000 Research Papers on 1 War, 1 Country, 1 Billion DollarsAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Assess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeQuebec and CanadaHonest Iagos Truth through Deception19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceCapital PunishmentMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductGenetic Engineering

Cell Biology ADHESION WRITE UP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cell Biology ADHESION WRITE UP - Essay Example Cadherins are found as trans-membrane proteins (Rastogi, 2007). There are four main types of classical cadherins, with the epithelial cadherin playing an important role in the growth of tumours (Asano et al, 2004). Cells possessing cadherins generally adhere to other cells possessing cadherins. By exploring these cell adhesion mechanisms with an assay, it is possible to understand more fully the role of the intracellular matrix and the reactions which occur within it. The assay described below relies on the interesting effects that trypsin has on these cadherin molecules. In the presence of calcium and trypsin, the cadherins are protected from cleavage, but in the presence of a trypsin and EDTA mixture, the cadherins are removed from the cell surface and thus the cells stop aggregation. Results Trypsin is commonly used to detach the adhering cells (Humphries, 2001). Prior to the addition of trypsin, the cells were adhering to each other forming a suspended clump of cells within the w ells. However, after the trypsin was added, there was less evidence of adhesion and the cells were in the matrix singularly. After fixing, only the adhering cells were found in the well. This again gave a ‘clumped’ look to the cells. After viewing this, the wells were stained with methylene blue, and this the wells had a typical blue appearance in the top two rows, suggesting normal adhering cells were present. ... Raw Data 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A 0.935 0.685 0.798 0.857 2.35 2.323 2.253 2.523 2.427 2.809 2.58 2.416 B 0.445 0.488 0.632 0.401 2.165 2.13 2.308 1.708 0.774 0.851 1.072 0.814 C 0.028 0.023 0.037 0.028 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.026 0.025 0.026 0.027 D 0.029 0.031 0.027 0.029 0.028 0.023 0.029 0.026 0.027 0.026 0.035 0.03 E 0.027 0.033 0.028 0.03 0.022 0.013 0.029 0.028 0.032 0.022 0.032 0.03 F 0.028 0.024 0.026 0.028 0.027 0.028 0.022 0.028 0.017 0.014 0.021 0.027 G 0.028 0.032 0.024 0.026 0.037 0.021 0.029 0.017 0.018 0.016 0.024 0.034 H 0.032 0.019 0.025 0.023 0.025 0.014 0.028 0.014 0.018 0.013 0.022 0.025 Graph 1 A1-4 A5-8 A9-12 B1-4 B5-8 B9-12 Mean 0.819 2.362 2.558 0.492 2.078 0.878 Standard Dev. 0.105 0.115 0.183 0.100 0.258 0.133 Graph 2 A1-4 A5-8 A9-12 B1-4 B5-8 B9-12 Mean 0.201 0.370 0.346 0.158 0.325 0.407 Standard Dev. 0.009 0.023 0.067 0.020 0.031 0.021 Discussion ECM Component Preference As was previously discussed, cadhesins are of various different types and thus may have different preferences for the extra-cellular matrix in which they react. In the data above, the cells A1-4 represent matrix 1, A5-8 represent matrix 2, and A9-12 represent matrix 3. The cells B1-4 represent the BSA and B5-8 and B9-12 represent tube 1 and 2 respectively. In this case, the data obtained experimentally shows that there is a definite component preference for matrices 2 and 3, with the first one having a very low absorbance value and thus a very low amount of adhering cells. The sample data also show a similar trend, although the amount of adhering cells in matrix 1 are not so low as in the experimental data. There is another small difference in

Strategic management leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic management leadership - Essay Example Fro public organizations to cope with this trend and demand of the present time, there is the need that it adopt a strategic management so as to effectively utilize its resources in meeting immediate objectives and long term goals. Strategic management is then seen as a rational planning process to enable an organization operates more effectively in its environment. To this end, Armitage (1992), define it as a continuous process that works to fit an organization into its changing environment. Thus, strategic management is broader in concept than strategic planning; it entails both strategic planning, which a long term is planning process, and strategic decision, which decisions are taken without consideration to the length of term frame. The strategic management pattern of every organization may differ from what is obtainable in another. While there are areas of similarities, certain aspects are uniquely structured out to suit the operation of the organization in concern. Thus, this essay would compare and contracts on strategic management techniques adopted by two case studies, i.e. Office of Real Property Service (ORPS) and Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). The strategic management techniques would be used at looking at the impact it has on strategic leadership and the strategic processes adopted by each organization THE PROCESS OF AN IDEAL STARTEGIC MANAGEMENT As earlier stated, strategic management entails a continuous process that works to make an organization fit into its operating environment by the adequate utilization of its resources. Thus, it involves strategic planning, i.e. long range planning, and decision making that covers the operational activities of the organization without regards for time frame. The implementation of strategic management system is the administrative responsibility of a group of the firm's partners and managers. According to Armitage (1992), the implementation of the strategic management system must be approached in a manner indicating that the small planning group is not trying to take over the firm. It must be made clear from the start that the group will work within the bounds of the organization and that all members of the firm will have input into the process. The support for the strategic management can be increased by the use of consensus decision making rather than formal vote taking. Voting can le ad to division rather than uniting the organization. Consensus decision on the other hand fosters the working together of workers and leads to increased cooperation among members of the organization. The process of strategic management should first focus on formulating the organization's mission and the overall direction of the organization. With the clarification of this, better goals and objectives can be set for the firm to help achieve its mission. On the early stage, the process of strategic management should attempt at identifying those major strategic issues facing the firm. Also, the leaders of the organization should focus on the future strategic issues the organization may face. The next phase of the process involves analyzing the firm's strength and weakness, involving an environmental analysis, and current